When drawing the structures of organic molecules, it is very important to show all non-zero formal charges, being clear about where the charges are located. Therefore, the oxygen atom in methanol owns 2 + 2 + (½ × 4) = 6 valence electrons.Ī very important rule to keep in mind is that the sum of the formal charges on all atoms of a molecule must equal the net charge on the whole molecule. However, it only “owns” one electron from each of the two covalent bonds, because covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. In the formal charge convention, we say that the oxygen “owns” all 4 nonbonding electrons. When it is bound as part of a methanol molecule, however, an oxygen atom is surrounded by 8 valence electrons: 4 nonbonding electrons (two “lone pairs”) and 2 electrons in each of its two covalent bonds (one to carbon, one to hydrogen). But we can be more specific than that-we can also state for each molecular ion that a formal charge is located specifically on the oxygen atom, rather than on the carbon or any of the hydrogen atoms.įiguring out the formal charge on different atoms of a molecule is a straightforward process-it’s simply a matter of adding up valence electrons.Īn unbound oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons. The molecular anion and cation have overall charges of -1 and +1, respectively. Methanol itself is a neutral molecule, but can lose a proton to become a molecular anion (CH 3O –), or gain a proton to become a molecular cation (CH 3OH 2 +). Consider the Lewis structure of methanol, CH 3OH (methanol is the so-called “wood alcohol” that unscrupulous bootleggers sometimes sold during the prohibition days in the 1920s, often causing the people who drank it to go blind). Organic molecules can also have positive or negative charges associated with them. Copper, for example, can be found in both its neutral state (Cu 0, which is the metal), or in its Cu +2 state, as a component of an ionic compound like copper carbonate (CuCO 3), the green substance called “patina” that forms on the surface of copper objects. You know that an ion is a molecule or atom that has an associated positive or negative charge. Now that you have had a chance to review some basic information about atoms, orbitals, bonds, and molecules, let’s direct our attention a little more closely to the idea of charged species. Chapter 2: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of ElementsĢ.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)Ģ.5 Periodic Variations in Element PropertiesĬhapter 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular GeometryĬhapter 4: Advanced Theories of Covalent BondingĬhapter 6: Introduction to Organic Structure and Bondingħ.4 Structural Effects on Acidity and Basicityħ.6 Acid-Base Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groupsħ.9 Effects of Enzyme Microenvironment on Acidity and BasicityĬhapter 8: Conformation and StereochemistryĨ.3 Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds and Pharmaceuticals
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The outcome is a decent narrative-based adventure that largely feels authentic to the series and has plenty of dramatic twists and turns, though there are many places where the game isn’t as polished as it could be. I didn’t mind that the game was delayed several times from its original spring 2022 release date, because it was important that it felt finished for the sake of future Star Trek games. When Dramatic Labs, a studio with over 20 developers who once worked at Telltale Games, first showed off the reveal trailer for the game back at the 2021 Game Awards, I was cautiously optimistic. Resolute and play the game!Īnd if you missed it last year, here is some gameplay footage from the game, which by May will be finished for all gamers to play.Star Trek: Resurgence is a game I wanted to succeed just on paper, as there hasn’t been a high-profile Star Trek game in the last five years. We can’t wait for you to join the crew of the U.S.S. But now that Star Trek: Resurgence is this close to being in your hands, you’ll be hearing much more from us. That said, we realize we could have done a better job of keeping you all in the loop. We did preview the game for press at various points along the way and got some great media coverage and we had a blast playing through a scene with the audience at our Comic Con panel in San Diego. We also didn’t want to announce a new release date without having a good idea of when we would deliver the game to you. Trailers, dev diaries, and social media take time away from actually working on the game. We’ve primarily been putting our efforts into getting across the finish line. Lastly, you might want to know why we’ve been so quiet along the way. That’s why we reset for a Spring 2023 release and now we’re excited to finally announce a date: May 23, 2023! Not to meet some arbitrary marketing timeline. We considered trying to hit the holiday season for 2022, but we decided that, if we were going to change the date, we should do it to make the best game we could. And along the way it became clear the game wouldn’t be what we wanted if we kept that release window. We were very excited to get Star Trek: Resurgence to everyone as fast as we could, but this is our first game as Dramatic Labs, and our first game built with the Unreal Engine. The short answer is because we are a relatively small development team, making a pretty big game, and that has been keeping us very busy!Īs you might know, we had initially hoped to have the game out in “Spring 2022,” but it is now “Spring 2023.” What happened? Honestly, our initial target was just too aggressive. The company also shared some insight into the game’s delay, through a blog post on the official Star Trek: Resurgence page. Here’s a big collection of screenshots from the upcoming game, released this week: Throughout the gripping story, players can interact with the Star Trek universe like never before, with moments of authentic action and critical decisions that shape the broader narrative in subtle and unexpected ways. Engineering Crewperson Carter Diaz highlights how the mission plays out from the lower decks, caught up in the events in his own unique way. RESOLUTE’s First Officer Jara Rydek is part of the diplomatic envoy led by Ambassador Spock that’s tasked with finding a resolution – and uncovering the ultimate source of this tense situation. Players experience the conflict and larger mystery from two key perspectives. A worker uprising threatens the tenuous peace between two alien civilizations, and Starfleet is forced to intervene. Star Trek: Resurgence is a bold interactive narrative game set shortly after Star Trek: The Next Generation’s timeline. It’s been more than a year since the last update on Dramatic Labs’ new Star Trek: Resurgence video game, but the developer is back on the scene this month with great news - the once-delayed adventure is now locked in for a release date!Īrriving next month, the “interactive narrative game” will be available to play on PlayStation 5, PlayStation 4, Xbox Series X/S, and Xbox One gaming consoles, and through the Epic Games Store for PCs. Send and receive SMS in different forms.Once you've set up a functional SMS API, it will help you: Depending on your preference, you can get an SMS API for either HTTP, Java or PHP. It lets you build a personalized SMS channel for sending and receiving all your messages (like texting someone a GIF). In addition to making it easier for businesses and developers to integrate text messaging features into their applications, SMS APIs provide several features that allow for scalable efficiency without sacrificing user experience including robust scheduling capabilities, custom templates for automated responses, multi-language support for global audiences, analytics and reporting options for understanding user engagement better, and data protection strategies that ensure secure communication between sender and recipient.Īn SMS API refers to a software integration interface that enables code to send short messages through an SMS API platform. Additionally, an SMS API allows developers to streamline the process of notifying users when certain events occur within an application such as receiving an order confirmation or following up after a customer service call. By leveraging an SMS API, developers can automate sending messages to multiple recipients at once with minimal effort. SMS APIs are Application Programming Interfaces that enable developers to integrate text messaging capabilities into applications, websites, and other tools. Blog » APIs » Best SMS APIs List of Top SMS APIs to Send Text Messages (Updated for 2023) Higher doses come at a lower price, and if you are required to medicate throughout the day, this saves lots of cash in the long haul.īut for those seeking experience over strict price and THC content, rosin and live resin are superior. This is hard to answer because it comes down to user preference.įor medicating purposes, shatter may be a better choice due to its price. Thus by having an abundant terpene and cannabinoid profile, the high is more likely to be well-rounded. For instance, pinene, a terpene found in pine trees and cannabis, opens our lungs airways, while myrcene is sedating. The THC content of these products is roughly the same, but they may have different effects.Īs mentioned, terpenes and cannabinoids not only provide the extracts with flavour and aroma but also alter the effects. Most extracts fall into the 60-90 percent range, but it much depends on the extraction process and quality of cannabis used. Rosin, shatter and live resin are all roughly the same potency for THC. While rosin loses very little of its terpene profile. Purging marijuana with butane strips it of some of its terpenes and cannabinoids. Although butane extracts remove their solvents, inexperienced extraction artists may leave remnants.Īnother awesome perk of rosin is its flavour. Solventless extracts are “purer” and don’t feature any foreign substances. Rosin is a popular concentrate for several reasons: the foremost being it’s solventless. The pressure and temperature squeeze the juicy sap-like concentrate out onto parchment paper. To make rosin, apply heat and pressure to cannabis buds. It does not require a potentially harmful extraction process. Rosin, unlike shatter and live resin, is a solventless concentrate. Shatter is an excellent extract and still features plenty of terpenes, just not quite as much as live resin! The Difference Between Rosin and Shatter? This isn’t to say shatter doesn’t have its place. The flash-freezing method takes time and isn’t the cheapest to store, but for a couple of extra bucks, the product itself is miles better. Vaping or smoking live resin tastes like it’s picked right from the flower, which it basically is. Live resin’s robust flavours excite connoisseurs and enthusiasts. Live resin, without a doubt, is a higher quality product, which reflects the price tag. It tends to resemble a sauce more than any other, but coming across live resin wax and crumble are not uncommon. However, the most likely is a golden, glue-like substance that’s slightly malleable. Live resin, like shatter, can take any of the above appearances and more. Do Live Resin and Shatter Look Different? BHO concentrates such as shatter is made with dried and cured flower while live resin is made with flash-frozen ones. So comparing live resin vs shatter, the production differences remain the same, but the source material differs slightly. But, by flash freezing the plant, the “terps” stay intact. Terpenes breakdown over time after harvesting the buds. Growers flash-freeze the buds as they’re picked, preserving the tantalizingly delicious terpenes.įor those that don’t know, terpenes are the compounds that give cannabis its flavour, taste and sometimes effects. On the other hand, live resin comes from the freshest cannabis possible. The resulting product is deficient in quality. While good shatter will use freshly picked marijuana, it’s not unusual to find concentrates made from old or trimmed flowers. The main difference between shatter and live resin is the flower harvesting process. The most common solvent used for extraction is butane. To produce them, cannabis goes through an extraction process involving a solvent to obtain the THC, terpenes and cannabinoids. Shatter and live resin are both solvent extracts. What’s the Difference Between Live Resin and Shatter? Speaking of cake, let’s start cutting and dig in. Today we’re going to pit them against each other and see which takes the cake. If these are questions you’d like answered, then you’re in luck. You probably wondered at some point in time – what in the hell is live resin? Is it better than shatter? Is it the same or best ignored? One of the trickiest cannabis categories to explore is concentrates. Failing to stay informed on the new varieties is a great way to find yourself at a dead end. Nowadays, navigating through the shelves of a dispensary is similar to a maze. But, on the other hand, the range out there is enough to make your head swirl. The number of strains, extracts and topicals introduced daily caters to everyone’s needs. On the one hand the variety, potency and quality of products is remarkable. Being a cannabis user in 2020 is a mixed bag. KYIS (98.9 FM OKLAHOMA CITY, OK Owner: CITADEL BROADCASTING COMPANY).
Natural AT-rich palindromes (PATRRs) exist at sites of some recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in humans and cause genetic disorders. The propensity of palindromes to adopt secondary structure interferes with DNA replication, transcription and repair, and leads to genome instability. Palindromes are also underrepresented in high-throughput sequencing results generated from libraries constructed by PCR amplification or sequencing steps that involve emulsion PCR amplification (Yang H. Palindromes longer than 200 bp cannot be amplified by traditional PCR using DNA polymerases with low strand displacement activity, nor can they be stably maintained in Escherichia coli. This is because perfect and near perfect palindromes, where a sequence is immediately followed by its exact inverse complement with very little or no spacer, are able to intrastrand anneal to form hairpin structures. Long DNA palindromes are difficult to directly analyze using standard molecular genetics methods. It will be useful for studying human cancers and other diseases associated with palindromes. The GAP-Seq approach underscores the importance of developing new tools for identifying and characterizing palindromes, and provides a new strategy to systematically assess palindromes in genomes. Because this protocol eliminates many of the false positives that plague earlier techniques, we have improved palindrome identification. Using MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as the proof-of-principle analysis, we have identified 35 palindrome candidates and physically characterized the top 5 candidates and their junctions. It also indicates the location of the novel junction, which can then be recovered. Unlike earlier protocols, it does not involve restriction enzymatic digestion prior to DNA snap-back thereby preserving longer DNA sequences. We developed a new protocol to identify palindromes that couples the S1 nuclease treated Cot0 DNA (GAPF) with high-throughput sequencing (GAP-Seq). Because of their role in genomic instability and gene amplification in some human cancers, it is important to develop systematic approaches to detect and characterize DNA palindromes. The ability to form these hairpins results in genome instability, difficulties in maintaining clones in Escherichia coli and major problems for most DNA sequencing approaches. Closely spaced long inverted repeats, also known as DNA palindromes, can undergo intrastrand annealing to form DNA hairpins. The sizes of these batteries vary depending on the application and each must have their positive terminals taped before recycling.Ħ Volt batteries are the type used in larger flashlights and lanterns. Sealed Lead Acid batteries are commonly used to power emergency lighting systems, UPS power units, remote control cars and vehicles. All of these batteries must have their positive terminals taped before recycling. Other Primary Lithium Cell Batteries (non-rechargeable)Īside from the various button cell sizes, there are the more common AAA, AA, C, D and 9 Volt varieties. We recommend taping both the positive and negative terminals by simply placing a single piece of tape around the top and bottom of the button cell covering both terminal ends.īutton cell batteries are used in many applications such as musical greeting cards, watches and hearing aids. Special consideration must be taken to ensure all primary lithium "button" cell batteries have their positive terminals taped prior to recycling. Primary Lithium "Button" Cell Batteries (non-rechargeable) Please ensure any exposed terminals or wires are taped or bagged during storage and prior to recycling. Rechargeable batteries come in all the common sizes like AA, AAA, C, D and 9 volt and you'll find them in many different household devices. They're also used in cellphones, laptops and tools. Carefully inspect rechargeable batteries for damage. Most of the batteries that we use everyday do not require any special preparation before recycling, however we do recommend that precautionary measures be taken when recycling certain types of batteries to reduce any risk of short-circuit. Desktop clients for Windows and macOS are easy to use for picking out files and folders.įrom the web interface, the files you've uploaded can be viewed, and downloads can be requested. However, they do the job well enough and the software has plenty of useful features scattered throughout – such as the backup filter that lets you pick out files with a particular filename or using a particular extension. The reality is that these aren't the most modern or the slickest interfaces you're ever going to come across. Some of the software stylings are the same between both of these cloud storage services. However, Zoolz offers both cold and hot storage, while Polarbackup sticks to cold storage only (hence the name, we’d guess). If you think that the Polarbackup interface looks familiar, you would be correct as it is similar to another backup solution Zoolz, and the two services are run by the same company. (Image credit: Polarbackup) Polarbackup interface It starts at the equivalent of £1.42 per month paid annually for 100GB, however the 1TB available for £5 per month, paid annually, is better value. This is only available on a browser - not the desktop client - and offers a degree of collaboration with file sharing. This helps to save bandwidth if you rely on your Internet connection for other tasks, not to mention the time saved.Īrguably more usable is Polarbackup’s Instant Vault, which offers a more versatile cloud storage system. We especially like the incremental backup feature, which means that only new or modified files are uploaded. If you only need to back up certain files, you can set Polarbackup to run a selective backup on particular file types, like Microsoft Office files, videos or desktop files, for example. There's also an option of limiting bandwidth through the desktop client if you need to, or conversely, to enable multithreaded upload which promises faster upload speeds by consuming your entire bandwidth. With the desktop clients installed, backups can be run at set intervals (anywhere from every 12 hours to every 7 days), or on a custom schedule. We like the lack of limits on users, servers or file sizes, and no additional charge for data restoration (you'll just have to wait a few hours to get it back). There are also business packages, and you get extra options for user management, setting data policies, digging into activity logs and handling standards compliance. File versioning gets support also, allowing you to save multiple versions of the same file and then choose which one you need to get back when running a restore. If something disastrous were to happen to your computer, you get all your files and folders back again, but you just won't be able to get them back again right away. The reality of cold storage is when you need to restore a file, it takes between 3 and 12 hours according to Polarbackup. In short, it's fast, simple to use and is quick to configure. After setting it up on your computer, it'll copy all the files you want to the web – including those on external drives and network drives – As previously noted, Polarbackup is a cold storage solution, which is designed for data you want to back up somewhere, but that you don't need to access very often. The car starts running hot or overheating.Engine oil is gold or black (when dirty), and transmission fluid is dark red. Antifreeze makers use those dye colors to differentiate coolant from other fluids used in cars. Puddles under the car of lime-green, orange, pink, or blue-green after you've parked.You might be able to smell it from behind the wheel as well. A sweet aroma that you notice from outside the vehicle, coming from the vehicle after you've driven it.Worse yet, your engine can overheat, sustaining expensive and possibly terminal damage. If an engine is low on coolant, it can run too hot, which will hurt both performance and fuel economy. A pump on the engine circulates the coolant through the radiator, engine, and heater and keeps your engine running at the proper temperature-and not overheating-regardless of the outside temperature. Your engine's radiator is actually filled with what's called coolant, a 50-50 mix of antifreeze and water. It's part of your vehicle's cooling system, which controls the engine's temperature so that it runs properly and doesn't overheat. If your vehicle is leaking antifreeze, the problem needs to be repaired promptly, before it causes much bigger, more costly issues.ĭespite its name, antifreeze does more than just keep your vehicle's radiator from freezing up in winter. Antifreeze plays a key part in keeping your engine running properly, so it's important to know if it's leaking. If you've noticed an odd, sweet smell coming from your car after you shut the engine off you might have an antifreeze leak. Over the years, he released tracks on a variety of labels, including Avatar, Calibre, 10 Records, Motown (a return to his former label for a 1989 remix of "25 Miles"), Streetwave and Hippodrome. By now, he had joined the well-established disco boom and had further singles on 20th Century Records. Radio" was also a Top Ten hit in the UK, reaching #9 on the chart in mid-1979. "Contact" was the more successful of the two, peaking at #65 on the US pop charts, #13 on the R&B chart, #1 on the dance chart, and #6 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1979, Starr reappeared on the charts with a pair of disco hits, "(Eye-to-Eye) Contact" and "H.A.P.P.Y. Moving to England in 1973, Starr continued to record, most notably the song "Hell Up in Harlem" for the 1974 film Hell Up in Harlem, which was the sequel to Black Caesar, an earlier hit with a soundtrack by James Brown. Involved also featured another song of similar construction titled "Stop the War Now", which was a minor hit in its own right. "War" appeared on both of Starr's War & Peace album and its follow-up, Involved, produced by Norman Whitfield. It sold over three million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Billboard charts, an anthem for the antiwar movement and a cultural milestone that continues to resound in movie soundtracks and hip hop music samples. Starr's intense vocals transformed a Temptations album track into a number one chart success, which spent three weeks in the top position on the U.S. The biggest hit of Starr's career, which cemented his reputation, was the Vietnam War protest song "War" (1970). His 1970 song "Time" also helped to establish him as a prominent artist on the Northern Soul scene. His early Ric-Tic hit "Stop Her On Sight (S.O.S.)" was reissued in Britain (with "Headline News" as its B-side) in 1968, and it performed better than the original release on the UK Chart, surpassing the original #35 and peaking at #11. Many of Starr's Ric-Tic songs (subsequently owned by Motown) like "Back Street" and "Headline News" became favored Northern Soul classics. It was when Motown's Berry Gordy became frustrated with smaller labels like Ric-Tic stealing some of the success of his company that he bought out the label. It peaked at #6 in both the Hot 100 and R&B Charts in 1968. At Motown he recorded a string of singles before enjoying an international success with "25 Miles", which he co-wrote with producers Johnny Bristol and Harvey Fuqua. While at Ric-Tic, he wrote the song, "Oh, How Happy", a #12 Billboard Hot 100 hit in 1966 for The Shades of Blue (he would go on to release a version of the song with Blinky in 1969) and sang lead for the Holidays on their #12 R&B hit, "I'll Love You Forever". Other early hits included "Headline News", "Back Street" and "S.O.S. The song which launched his career was "Agent Double-O-Soul" (1965), a reference to the James Bond films popular at the time. Starr lived in Detroit, Michigan, in the 1960s and recorded at first for the small Ric-Tic label, part of the Golden World recording company, and later for Motown Records (under the Gordy Records imprint), after the latter absorbed Ric-Tic in 1968. In 1957, Starr formed a doo-wop group, the Future Tones, and began his singing career. He and his cousins, soul singers Roger and Willie Hatcher, moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where they were raised. Starr was born Charles Edwin Hatcher in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1942. Starr's career shifted to the United Kingdom in the 1970s, where he continued to produce music, living there until his death. Besides "War", Starr's songs "25 Miles" and "Stop the War Now" were also major successes in the 1960s. Hawkins and Veasey of the group played on most of his early hits on the Ric Tic Label. He was backed by the band that would later become known as "Black Merda". Starr was born in Tennessee and raised in Ohio, and later lived in Detroit while singing for Ric Tic and Motown Records. Starr is famous for his Norman Whitfield-produced Motown singles of the 1970s, most notably the number one hit "War". Website: Edwin Starr (January 21, 1942 – April 2, 2003) was an American soul singer.Died: April 2, 2003, Beeston, Nottinghamshire, England.Born: January 21, 1942, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. |
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